At least four studies have been conducted demonstrating that the MoCA in patients with PD is sensitive to small cognitive changes. This test has a maximum value of 30 points and can be administered in 10 minutes. It has been used for the cognitive evaluation of the patients with PD to identify the presence of cognitive deficit when the MMSE score is normal. This last test was originally designed for the evaluation of mild cognitive impairment associated with AD, and evaluates memory, executive functions and verbal fluency among others, and can be applied in a short period of time. Diagnostic and screening power of neuropsychological testing in detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. 5 5 Biundo R, Weis L, Pilleri M, Facchini S, Formento-Dojot P, Vallelunga A, Antonini A. Given this scenario, it is important to screen patients with PD because of the risk of developing dementia associated with PD (PDD).Ĭurrently, several screening tests have been recommended for the evaluation of cognitive impairment in PD, such as the Scale for Outcomes of Parkinson’s Disease Cognition (SCOPA-COG), Mini-Mental Parkinson (MMP), Parkinson Neuropsychometric Dementia Assessment (PANDA), Parkinson Disease Dementia-Short Screen (PDD-Short Screen) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Characterizing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. , 4 4 Dalrymple-Alford JC, Livingston L, MacAskill MR, Graham C, Melzer TR, Porter RJ, et al. Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. 3 3 Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, Schmand B. The typical profile of cognitive impairment in PD involves impairment in executive functions, attention, visuospatial and subcortical memory functions, recall, language preservation, and praxis. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. , 2 2 Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, Burn DJ, Duyckaerts C, Mizuno Y, et al. Neuropsychological profile of patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia. 1 1 Janvin C, Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Hugdahl K. As many as 20-30% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have cognitive deficits within the range of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) at the time of diagnosis, a condition that is very important to detect since it is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Conclusions: The MoCA is a valid estimate of daily life functional autonomy in non-demented PD patients, also reflecting apathetic features of a dysexecutive nature.Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results: MoCA scores were significantly associated with the SES ( r s(73) = 0.34 p = 0.005) and the DAS-Executive ( r(67) = −0.47 p < 0.001), while not to other FI/BP outcomes and QoL measures. Intake of psychotropic drugs was also covaried when assessing the association between the MoCA and BP/QoL measures. Associations of interest against FI, QoL, and BP outcomes were tested via Bonferroni-corrected Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlations while covarying for demographics, disease duration as well as UPDRS-III, UPDRS-IV, and HY scores. Methods: Seventy-four non-demented PD patients were administered the MoCA and underwent motor functional – i.e., Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Modified Hoehn-Yahr Scale (HY), and Schwab and England Scale (SES) –, behavioural and psychological – i.e., State- and Trait-Anxiety Inventory-Form Y (STAI-Y1/-Y2), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS) – and QoL evaluations – i.e., MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine, within an Italian cohort of non-demented Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, the ecological validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) by assessing its association with (1) functional independence (FI), (2) quality of life (QoL), and (3) behavioural-psychological (BP) outcomes. Background: The ecological validity of performance-based cognitive screeners needs to be tested in order for them to be fully recommended for use within clinical practice and research.
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